1. Flight control system: This is the ‘brain’ of the UAV, responsible for monitoring, controlling and correcting the flight status of the UAV to ensure its safe, stable and smooth flight. The flight control system includes flight controller, gyroscope FOG, accelerometer, magnetometer, barometer and other devices. 2. Power supply system: Provide the power required by the UAV to support its various tasks. The power system includes components such as batteries, ESCs, motors, etc. The battery of the UAV plays the role of storing and releasing energy, the ESC is the switching circuit that controls the electrical energy input to the motor, and the motor is the device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.3. Sensor system: the ‘sense organs’ of the UAV, which are used to sense changes in the environment around the UAV as well as to obtain flight data in real time. The sensor system includes GPS, inertial navigation system, distance sensor, temperature sensor, optical sensor and other components.4. Communication system: the bridge between the UAV and the ground console, responsible for transmitting data, commands and information. The communication system includes components such as transmitters, receivers, antennas, etc.5. Load system: the ‘eyes’ and ‘arms’ of the UAV, by carrying various sensors, cameras, LIDAR and other equipment, to carry out aerial photography, mapping, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, delivery, and so on, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, delivery and other tasks.6. Fuselage system: the support and protection structure of the UAV, including the fuselage, wings, tail, propellers, tripods and other components. The fuselage system is able to maintain stability with the air, support the load system, and at the same time withstand shocks and vibrations during flight.7. Remote control system: including remote control and receiver, used to control the UAV's take-off, landing and various manoeuvres during flight. 38. Power system: including brushless motor, electronic speed controller and battery, etc., providing the power required for flight.Flight control unit: including display device, sensor, flight control computer, actuator, self-test device, information transmission chain and interface device, etc., which is the core control component of the UAV platform. 49 Obstacle avoidance system: it is used to detect obstacles and take evasive measures to ensure the safety of the UAV during flight